Junk Bonds and Junk DNA
Junk Bonds and Junk DNA why do they exist ?
Below are definitions of these two term from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-yield_debt and http://www.psrast.org/junkdna.htm
All I can think of is that the “Junk” functions in economic terms as the balloon of an ABS system for possible accidents . However, if you inflate the balloon too much you can not drive. You stop. Apparently, in genetics %95 Junk DNA functions as damage absorber. UV damage, chemical damage is all absorbed by these DNA so that your child gets DNA without damage. However, ıf you exaggerate the amount of Junk DNA essential genes are lost in the junk box. You can not have a child. You stop.
In finance, a high yield bond (non-investment grade bond, speculative grade bond or junk bond) is a bond that is rated below investment grade at the time of purchase. These bonds have a higher risk of default or other adverse credit events, but typically pay higher yields than better quality bonds in order to make them attractive to investors.
Flows and levels
Global issue of high yield bonds more than doubled in 2003 to nearly $146 billion in securities issued from less than $63 billion in 2002, although this is still less than the record of $150 billion in 1998. Issue is disproportionately centered in the U.S.A., although issuers in Europe, Asia and South Africa have recently turned to high yield debt in connection with refinancings and acquisitions. In 2006, European companies issued over €31 billion of high yield bonds.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-yield_debt
"Junk DNA"
Over 95 percent of DNA has largely unknown function
By Jaan Suurkula M.D.
Summary
Presently, only the function of a few percent of the DNA is known, the rest has been believed to be useless garbage, commonly called "Junk DNA" by molecular biologists.
Increasing evidence is now indicating that this DNA is not "junk" at all. Especially, it has been found to have various regulatory roles. This means that this so-called "non-coding DNA" influences the behavior of the genes, the "coding DNA", in important ways.
However, the knowledge is still very incomplete about this DNA. And there is little knowledge about the relationship between non-coding DNA and the DNA of genes.
Without this knowledge it is completely impossible to foresee and control the effect of artificial insertion of foreign genes.
This is a very important reason why genetic engineering is unsuitable for commercial application. It is still at a stage of early experimentation with very incomplete understanding about its consequences. According to the ethical standards of sound science, the products of such experimentation should be strictly contained in labortories, especially as released DNA may spread indefinitely in an uncontrollable way.
http://www.psrast.org/junkdna.htm

