On the European Origins
DNA is the blue print of the genetic information. Imagine, your genes are special text recipes for proteins. The taste of a dish is based on content of a recipe. Experienced gourmets can even judge a dish based on the recipe alone. As an analogy, it can be determined whether a protein is cancerous or not just based on the genetic blue print information on your DNA alone. DNA based diagnostics is much more reliable than the protein based diagnostics.
Avandia is an oral medication used to treat Type II diabetes. It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and was approved by the FDA. So far the diabetes drug has been used by over 6 million people worldwide, and could be responsible for thousands of heart attacks and deaths every year.
Functional SNP assessment.
Although the relationship between risk allele and causation is still in its infancy23, some phenotypic traits can possibly be inferred from the genome data (all functional SNPs discussed below are listed in Supplementary Table 14). We only included genotypes with a posterior probability above 99%.
Pharma, biotech and agriculture markets as well as academic institutions are craving for DNA sequence information as their future is depending on genome data in silico. Scientists understand the business side of the sector, and realize that outsourcing can be a pretty cost efficient way to get the data they need, rather than investing in the resources to perform the sequencing in their labs. In addition, outsourcing gives these institutions the ability to focus their efforts on their core competencies, usually drug discovery and development, instead of acquiring the tools for sequencing.
The United States is the only wealthy, industrialized nation that does not have a universal health care system (Source: Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences). Therefore, for the time being, and hopefully until the end of the Obama term United States is the best international model of a wealthy but under-performing health care system. The current USA health care statistics and the predictions for the next decade are of particular importance of showing what can be done in the developing nations on health care with ever growing GPDs.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)is a 34 kD glycoprotein manufactured almost exclusively by the prostate gland. PSA is a ejaculate component and it liquifies the semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely. It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving the cervical mucous cap, allowing the entry of sperm.
In women, PSA is found in female ejaculate at concentrations roughly equal to that found in male semen. It is highly probable that PSA in women will help the sperm to dissolve the cervical cap and to enter the egg.
Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75 years old. It is the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages. Men at higher risk include African-America men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, and especially men exposed to cadmium. The lower risk group include Japanese men and vegetarians.
Super Computer
Roadrunner is a fast computer. To put the computer's speed in perspective, it has roughly the computing power of 100,000 of today's most powerful laptops stacked 1.5 miles high, according to IBM. Or, if each of the world's 6 billion people worked on hand-held computers for 24 hours a day, it would take them 46 years to do what the Roadrunner computer can do in a single day. The investment into roadrunner is nothing compared to its abilities. Only, $100 million.
World Bank triples funds for health care amid crisis
WASHINGTON
Sat Apr 25, 2009 10:52am EDT
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The World Bank is set to triple health care spending in developing countries to $3.1 billion this year amid signs governments are cutting funding in the midst of a global economic crisis.
http://www.reuters.com/article...
ON THE OTHER HAND
Defense Spending & The Military Budget.
Congress and the White House allocate $522 billion a year to the Defense Budget.
To put the level of U.S. Defense Spending in perspective.
Geneticists track mothernal lineage through mitochondrial DNA because mitochondria are coming from the mother, only. Similarly, paternal lineage is tracked via Y-chromosomes that are transferred on the paternal sperm, only. Genes variants on Y chromosomes are specifically determining where the men are coming from. A gene variant, R1b haplotype is described by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation named M343. Haplogroup R1b is the most frequently occurring Y-chromosome haplogroup in Western European men.
